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Chemistry

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Introduction to Chemistry illustration

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry is a very exciting subject that helps us understand how things are made. Think about the garri you soak, the petrol you put in you

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Nature of Matter illustration

Nature of Matter

Everything you see around you is matter. The water you drink, the air from your fan, and the table you use in school are all matter. Matter

  • 1States of matter6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Kinetic theory and changes of stateFinish "States of matter" first
  • 🔒Elements, compounds and mixturesFinish "Kinetic theory and changes of state" first
  • 🔒Physical and chemical changesFinish "Elements, compounds and mixtures" first

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Separation Techniques illustration

Separation Techniques

Imagine you are at home and you accidentally drop a handful of sand into a bowl of water. You cannot just pick the sand out with your hands.

  • 1Filtration, decantation and evaporation6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒CrystallisationFinish "Filtration, decantation and evaporation" first
  • 🔒Distillation and fractional distillationFinish "Crystallisation" first
  • 🔒ChromatographyFinish "Distillation and fractional distillation" first
  • 🔒Sublimation and magnetic separationFinish "Chromatography" first
  • 🔒Tests for purityFinish "Sublimation and magnetic separation" first

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Atomic Structure illustration

Atomic Structure

Everything you see around you, from the garri you eat to the petrol in a generator, is made of tiny building blocks called atoms. Even thoug

  • 1Particles in the atom6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Atomic number and mass numberFinish "Particles in the atom" first
  • 🔒Isotopes and relative atomic massFinish "Atomic number and mass number" first
  • 🔒Electronic configurationFinish "Isotopes and relative atomic mass" first
  • 🔒Orbitals and quantum numbersFinish "Electronic configuration" first
  • 🔒Dalton's theory and its modificationFinish "Orbitals and quantum numbers" first

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Periodic Table illustration

Periodic Table

Think of the periodic table as a shelf in a big supermarket. Just as a shopkeeper puts all the soaps in one row and all the milk in another,

  • 1Arrangement of the periodic table6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Periodic trendsFinish "Arrangement of the periodic table" first
  • 🔒Group 1 and 2 elementsFinish "Periodic trends" first
  • 🔒Group 7 halogensFinish "Group 1 and 2 elements" first
  • 🔒Noble gasesFinish "Group 7 halogens" first
  • 🔒Transition metalsFinish "Noble gases" first

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Chemical Bonding illustration

Chemical Bonding

Have you ever wondered why we don't just see individual atoms of Hydrogen or Oxygen floating around by themselves? In the real world, atoms

  • 1Why atoms bond6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Ionic (electrovalent) bondingFinish "Why atoms bond" first
  • 🔒Covalent bondingFinish "Ionic (electrovalent) bonding" first
  • 🔒Dative bondingFinish "Covalent bonding" first
  • 🔒Metallic bondingFinish "Dative bonding" first
  • 🔒Intermolecular forcesFinish "Metallic bonding" first
  • 🔒Shapes of moleculesFinish "Intermolecular forces" first

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Symbols, Formulae and Equations illustration

Symbols, Formulae and Equations

In Chemistry, we do not write full names like 'Hydrogen' or 'Oxygen' every time. It would be too slow, like writing 'Public Health Control S

  • 1Chemical symbols and valency8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Writing chemical formulaeFinish "Chemical symbols and valency" first
  • 🔒Balancing chemical equationsFinish "Writing chemical formulae" first
  • 🔒IUPAC naming of compoundsFinish "Balancing chemical equations" first

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Chemical Laws and Stoichiometry illustration

Chemical Laws and Stoichiometry

Think about making a cup of tea. If you always use two spoons of sugar for one cup of water, your tea will always taste the same. Nature als

  • 1Laws of chemical combination8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒The mole conceptFinish "Laws of chemical combination" first
  • 🔒Molar mass and molar volumeFinish "The mole concept" first
  • 🔒Empirical and molecular formulaeFinish "Molar mass and molar volume" first
  • 🔒Calculations from equationsFinish "Empirical and molecular formulae" first
  • 🔒Percentage compositionFinish "Calculations from equations" first

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Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory illustration

Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory

Gas particles are like people inside a very crowded Danfo bus. They move about, bump into the walls, and occupy space. To understand how the

  • 1Boyle's and Charles' laws8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒General gas equationFinish "Boyle's and Charles' laws" first
  • 🔒Graham's law of diffusionFinish "General gas equation" first
  • 🔒Dalton's law of partial pressureFinish "Graham's law of diffusion" first
  • 🔒Gay-Lussac's and Avogadro's lawsFinish "Dalton's law of partial pressure" first
  • 🔒Ideal and real gasesFinish "Gay-Lussac's and Avogadro's laws" first

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Water illustration

Water

Water is the most common substance on Earth. It is so important that we use it for almost everything: cooking garri, bathing, and washing ou

  • 1Composition and structure of water6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Hardness of waterFinish "Composition and structure of water" first
  • 🔒Water treatmentFinish "Hardness of water" first
  • 🔒Solubility and solubility curvesFinish "Water treatment" first
  • 🔒Water of crystallisation and efflorescenceFinish "Solubility and solubility curves" first

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Solutions and Colloids illustration

Solutions and Colloids

In your kitchen, you mix many things together. When you stir sugar into water until it disappears, you have a solution. If you mix sand and

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Acids, Bases and Salts illustration

Acids, Bases and Salts

We use acids every day in Nigeria without even knowing it. When you drink a cold bottle of Coke or squeeze lime on your fish, you are tastin

  • 1Acids and their properties8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Bases and alkalisFinish "Acids and their properties" first
  • 🔒pH scale and indicatorsFinish "Bases and alkalis" first
  • 🔒Strength of acids and basesFinish "pH scale and indicators" first
  • 🔒Preparation of saltsFinish "Strength of acids and bases" first
  • 🔒Types and uses of saltsFinish "Preparation of salts" first

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Volumetric Analysis illustration

Volumetric Analysis

Volumetric analysis is a way we find the unknown concentration of a solution by reacting it with one we already know. The most common method

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Oxidation and Reduction illustration

Oxidation and Reduction

In your daily life, you see things changing. When your iron gate starts to rust or when you use a torch battery to get light, a chemical pro

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Electrolysis illustration

Electrolysis

Think about how electricity moves through your house to turn on the bulb. Metals like copper wire carry current. But did you know some liqui

  • 1Electrolytes and non-electrolytes8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Electrolysis of common electrolytesFinish "Electrolytes and non-electrolytes" first
  • 🔒Preferential discharge of ionsFinish "Electrolysis of common electrolytes" first
  • 🔒Faraday's lawsFinish "Preferential discharge of ions" first
  • 🔒Uses of electrolysisFinish "Faraday's laws" first
  • 🔒Electrochemical cellsFinish "Uses of electrolysis" first

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Energy Changes illustration

Energy Changes

In Chemistry, heat energy is always moving. When you strike a match or use a gas cooker to boil water, heat is involved. Every chemical reac

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Rates of Reaction illustration

Rates of Reaction

Think about how you cook. If you turn up the gas on your burner, your rice cooks faster. If the gas is low, it takes a long time. In chemist

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Chemical Equilibrium illustration

Chemical Equilibrium

In some chemical reactions, once the reactants change into products, they can never go back. Imagine burning a piece of paper; you cannot tu

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Non-metals: Hydrogen and Oxygen illustration

Non-metals: Hydrogen and Oxygen

Hydrogen is the very first element in the periodic table. It is the lightest gas known to man. Think of a balloon filled with hydrogen; it w

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Air and Nitrogen illustration

Air and Nitrogen

Think of air as a big mixture of gases around us. It is like a fruit salad where different fruits are mixed together, but you can still pick

  • 1Composition of air6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Nitrogen and its preparationFinish "Composition of air" first
  • 🔒AmmoniaFinish "Nitrogen and its preparation" first
  • 🔒Nitric acidFinish "Ammonia" first
  • 🔒Nitrogen cycle and fertilisersFinish "Nitric acid" first

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Carbon and Its Compounds illustration

Carbon and Its Compounds

Carbon is a very special element found everywhere. It is in the charcoal you use to roast corn, the lead inside your pencil, and even in exp

  • 1Allotropes of carbon8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Oxides of carbonFinish "Allotropes of carbon" first
  • 🔒Carbonates and hydrogen carbonatesFinish "Oxides of carbon" first
  • 🔒Carbon cycleFinish "Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates" first
  • 🔒FuelsFinish "Carbon cycle" first

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Sulphur and Its Compounds illustration

Sulphur and Its Compounds

Sulphur is a yellow non-metal found in Group 16 of the periodic table. In Nigeria, we mostly see sulphur as a yellow powder used in some med

  • 1Allotropes and extraction of sulphur6 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Sulphur(IV) oxide and hydrogen sulphideFinish "Allotropes and extraction of sulphur" first
  • 🔒Sulphuric acid and the contact processFinish "Sulphur(IV) oxide and hydrogen sulphide" first
  • 🔒Uses of sulphur compoundsFinish "Sulphuric acid and the contact process" first

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Halogens: Chlorine illustration

Halogens: Chlorine

Chlorine is a member of the Halogen family in Group 7 of the periodic table. It is a very reactive gas and is never found alone in nature. Y

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Metals and Their Compounds illustration

Metals and Their Compounds

Think of things around you like your mama's iron pot, the wire carrying NEPA light, or the zinc used for roofing. These are all metals. Most

  • 1General properties of metals8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Reactivity seriesFinish "General properties of metals" first
  • 🔒Extraction of metalsFinish "Reactivity series" first
  • 🔒Sodium and calciumFinish "Extraction of metals" first
  • 🔒AluminiumFinish "Sodium and calcium" first
  • 🔒Iron and steelFinish "Aluminium" first
  • 🔒Copper and zincFinish "Iron and steel" first
  • 🔒Alloys and corrosionFinish "Copper and zinc" first

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Organic Chemistry Basics illustration

Organic Chemistry Basics

Welcome to the world of Organic Chemistry. Many students think it is hard, but it is just the study of things around us. Think about the pet

  • 1Meaning and sources of organic compounds8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Homologous series and functional groupsFinish "Meaning and sources of organic compounds" first
  • 🔒IsomerismFinish "Homologous series and functional groups" first
  • 🔒Nomenclature of organic compoundsFinish "Isomerism" first
  • 🔒Purification and analysisFinish "Nomenclature of organic compounds" first

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Hydrocarbons illustration

Hydrocarbons

Imagine your mother cooking at home with a gas cylinder or a kerosene stove. The fuel inside that cylinder is mostly made of Alkanes. Alkane

  • 1Alkanes8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒AlkenesFinish "Alkanes" first
  • 🔒AlkynesFinish "Alkenes" first
  • 🔒Benzene and aromatic compoundsFinish "Alkynes" first
  • 🔒Petroleum and crackingFinish "Benzene and aromatic compounds" first

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Alkanols, Alkanoic Acids and Esters illustration

Alkanols, Alkanoic Acids and Esters

Alkanols are a group of organic compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH). In eve

  • 1Alkanols8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Fermentation and ethanolFinish "Alkanols" first
  • 🔒Alkanoic acidsFinish "Fermentation and ethanol" first
  • 🔒Esters and esterificationFinish "Alkanoic acids" first
  • 🔒Fats, oils and soap makingFinish "Esters and esterification" first

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Macromolecules and Polymers illustration

Macromolecules and Polymers

Have you noticed that a single thread of cotton is weak, but when many are joined together, they form a strong shirt? In Chemistry, we have

  • 1Polymers and polymerisation8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Plastics and synthetic fibresFinish "Polymers and polymerisation" first
  • 🔒CarbohydratesFinish "Plastics and synthetic fibres" first
  • 🔒ProteinsFinish "Carbohydrates" first
  • 🔒RubberFinish "Proteins" first

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Qualitative Analysis illustration

Qualitative Analysis

In Chemistry, Qualitative Analysis is like being a detective. When you are given a white powder or a clear solution in the lab, you need to

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Nuclear Chemistry illustration

Nuclear Chemistry

Everything you see is made of tiny atoms. Usually, these atoms are stable and happy. But some atoms have a very heavy center, called a nucle

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Chemistry in Industry and Environment illustration

Chemistry in Industry and Environment

A chemical industry is a place where raw materials are changed into useful products using chemical processes. In Nigeria, these industries h

  • 1Chemical industries in Nigeria8 min · 5 questions→
  • 🔒Environmental pollutionFinish "Chemical industries in Nigeria" first
  • 🔒Biotechnology and fermentation industriesFinish "Environmental pollution" first
  • 🔒Paints, dyes and cosmeticsFinish "Biotechnology and fermentation industries" first

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